Administrative System Research Articles

Strategic Initiatives for Public Service Modernization: The Case of Key Focus Activities (KFAs) in Sarawak, Malaysia

Governments worldwide recognize the necessity of modernizing their public administration systems to adapt to evolving socioeconomic and technological landscapes. In Sarawak, Malaysia, the Key Focus Activities (KFA) is part of the Sarawak Civil Service initiatives to transform and optimize the civil service. The KFA initiative aims to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness by developing, reviewing, improving, and reengineering policies, regulations, processes, systems, and procedures. An analysis of 67 Rakyat KFA project reports evaluated the reliability of data captured and the contribution of KFA projects to Sarawak Government objectives. Findings highlighted the need for improved data capture and user-friendliness of the KFA system. Many KFA projects focused on tactical, isolated achievements rather than broader, inter-agency solutions. To maximize the impact of KFA projects, recommendations were proposed. These include enhancing KFA project report’s clarity, fostering knowledge sharing and inter-agency collaboration, and promoting public participation. The KFA initiative showcases the Sarawak Government's commitment to enhancing its civil service, in line with global trends. By addressing the identified areas for improvement, the initiative can optimize service delivery, resource utilization, and responsiveness to citizen needs. As the transformation journey continues, reevaluating and realigning the KFA initiative is essential to maintain its relevance and effectiveness in fulfilling the Sarawak Government's long-term priorities and strategic goals.

Simulated data for census-scale entity resolution research without privacy restrictions: a large-scale dataset generated by individual-based modeling

Background Entity resolution (ER) is the process of identifying and linking records that refer to the same real-world entity. ER is a fundamental challenge in data science, and a common barrier to ER research and development is that the data fields used for this fuzzy matching are personally identifiable information, such as name, address, and date of birth. The necessary restrictions on accessing and sharing these authentic data have slowed the work in developing, testing, and adopting new methods and software for ER. We recently released pseudopeople, a Python package that allows users to generate simulated datasets approaching the scale and complexity of the data on which large organizations and federal agencies, like the US Census Bureau regularly perform ER. With pseudopeople, researchers can develop new algorithms and software for ER of US population data without needing access to personal and confidential information. Methods We created the simulated population data available through pseudopeople using our Vivarium simulation platform. Our model simulates individuals and their families, households, and employment dynamics over time, which we observe through simulated censuses, surveys, and administrative data collection systems. Results Our simulation process produced over 900 gigabytes of simulated censuses, surveys, and administrative data for pseudopeople, representing hundreds of millions of simulants. A sample simulated population of thousands of simulants is now openly available to all users of the pseudopeople package, and large-scale simulated populations of millions and hundreds of millions of simulants are also available by online request through GitHub. These simulated population data are structured for use by the pseudopeople package, which includes additional affordances to add various kinds of noise to the data to provide realistic, sharable challenges for ER researchers.

The Impact of Achieving the Fourth Goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (Good Learning) in the First Schools of Irbid Governorate in Raising the Level of Motivation of Teachers Towards Work from Their Point of View

The study aimed to reveal the impact of achieving the fourth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (good learning) in the first schools of Irbid governorate in raising the level of teachers' motivation towards work from their point of view. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a tool consisting of (26) paragraphs, and the study population consisted of all primary and secondary school teachers in the Jordanian public schools of the Irbid First Directorate, numbering (858) teachers, a simple random sample of (352) teachers was selected during the first semester of the year (2022-2023). The results of the study showed that the total arithmetic averages to achieve the fourth goal in the schools of Irbid Governorate, the first in raising the level of teachers' motivation towards work, came to an average degree and showed that there are differences in the school stage and in favor of secondary school teachers, and the existence of differences due to the difference in the variable years of experience and in favor of more than ten years, and the existence of differences due to the difference in the academic qualification and were in favor of members of the bachelor's qualification. The study recommended the need to prepare educational leaders that achieve the objectives of the strategic plan for education and achieve distinguished administrative systems, and spread awareness of the requirements of employing the fourth goal of sustainable development and ensuring its activation in Jordanian schools, and develop comprehensive and achievable transformational plans to enhance the capabilities of school principals.

LEADER and rural development policy - what´s the problem represented to be?

This article problematizes the EU Programme LEADER as a policy to improve opportunities to live and thrive in rural areas. LEADER was initiated in 1991 as a Commission initiative and has, over time, expanded and become an institutionalized public policy in the EU. LEADER is based on a particular development method - the LEADER method - which sets out fundamental principles for conducting development work. The idea is that rural development should start with Local Action Groups at the grassroots level, emphasizing networking and entrepreneurship within a geographic context. Drawing on Bacchi's methodology, What's the problem represented to be, the article aims to examine the LEADER Programme and analyze problem representations and political rationalities. The analysis shows that actors working within LEADER have developed political rationalities that partly constitute obstacles to achieving long-term impacts. It concerns issues related to the bureaucratic framework of LEADER and representations on a fixation on producing added values, an internal logic of project administration, and an emphasis highlighting the role of the individual entrepreneur. The LEADER Programme has not only been institutionalized as part of the EU and member states' administrative systems. Still, it has also created its ideological superstructure consisting of a specific narrative, methodology, language, and common forms of organizing. This gives LEADER advantages but also risks associated with internal closedness that creates subjectification between 'them and us' and produces lived effects that hinder structural changes promoting rural areas.

Vaginal drug delivery system: A promising route of drug administration for local and systemic diseases.

Scientists around the globe have done cutting-edge research to facilitate the delivery of poorly absorbed drugs via various routes of administration and different delivery systems. The vaginal route of administration has emerged as a promising mode of drug delivery, attributed to its anatomy and physiology. Novel drug delivery systems overcome the demerits of conventional systems via nanobiotechnology. This review will focus on the disorders associated with women that are currently targeted by vaginal drug delivery systems. In addition, it will provide insights into innovations in drug formulations for the general benefit of women.

To study the awareness of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers in an area select of tertiary care hospital

Background: Needle stick injuries, or NSIs, refer to injuries produced by several types of needles, including hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, intravenous stylets, and needles used for connecting components of intravenous administration systems. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the awareness of NSIs among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a selected area of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken within the department of obstetrics and gynecology (OBG). The study’s target group was all HCWs of varied experience levels (n=272). This study employed a meticulously crafted questionnaire in the English language. The survey includes 22 items covering a variety of NSI-related topics. Subgroup analysis was conducted using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: It was found that most of them were in the 20–30 age group (75%), the majority were females (72%), unmarried (61%), and from an urban background (85%). Almost all the participants (96%) were aware that NSIs are preventable. Similarly, 90% of the participants were aware that NSIs may cause the transmission of diseases, and 77% of the participants reported that they have training on biomedical waste management and its disposal. About 74% of the respondents stated that they had been exposed to NSIs. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the awareness levels and experiences of HCWs regarding NSIs in the OBG department. While a high level of awareness was observed, the study identified areas for improvement in the implementation of preventive measures, reporting practices, and post-exposure management.

The Influence of the Effectiveness the Implementation of the Presence Administrative Information System on Work Discipline and its Impact on the Quality Employee Service at SDN 160 Sukalaksana Bandung City

This research aims to find out whether the attendance administration information system has an effect on employee work discipline and its impact on the quality of employee service at SDN 160 Sukalaksana, Bandung City. The independent variable is the presence administration information system, the intervening (mediation) variable, namely employee work discipline, and the dependent variable, namely employee service quality. This type of research is included in quantitative research, while the research methods used are descriptive and verification methods. The population in this study were civil servants (PNS) and parents of students at SDN 160 Sukalaksana, Bandung City, totaling 47 respondents. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling using saturated samples, so the total sample is 47 respondents. The data analysis used in this research is path analysis using SPSS software. The results of the research show that the effectiveness of implementing the attendance administration information system has a direct effect on employee work discipline, the effectiveness of implementing the attendance administration information system has no direct effect on the quality of employee service, employee work discipline has a direct effect on the quality of employee service, and the effectiveness of implementing the administration information system Presence has an indirect effect on the quality of employee service through employee work discipline.

Vietnam tourism at the crossroads of socialism and market economy

Purpose Vietnam has repositioned itself from a war-torn country to a popular tourist destination. Although research on Vietnam tourism has grown in number, a macro analysis of national tourism governance and policies has largely been missing. Design/methodology/approach This synthesis paper offers a systemic analysis of Vietnam’s tourism accommodating intensified government intervention and dramatic market changes in recent decades. The authors offer a chronological analysis of tourism development along with the major political and economic turns of the country. Findings The patterns of tourism development reflect a compromise between centralization and decentralization of the governance system and a trade-off between economic and social objectives of development. Balancing these opposites, the internal strength of the domestic market and the resilience of communities and businesses become key assets for growth in circumstances where the socialist market economy continues to inform the current and future development of the industry. Research limitations/implications Although the case of Vietnam is unique, the adaptive mechanism of the tourism industry highlighted in this paper offers a useful lesson for other developing countries. The research addresses tourism in the political economy in developing countries, which is valuable for researchers, policy analysts as well as practitioners in tourism. Practical implications The practical contribution of the study is derived from authors’ academic and industrial backgrounds. Findings from the study serve as a useful reference for those who embark on the study of tourism governance and policy-making in developing countries and problems associated with the economic transitional process. Those problems of the disparity between centralization and decentralization of the political system might not be only significant in Vietnam, but also prevail in developing countries. Thus, this study offers a point of departure for future empirical and comparative research on the kindship of tourism and political economy in a full scale. Social implications The transitional economy as viewed through the tourism industry is prominently presented in the “evolutionary” approach to the transitional economy, which exhibits several unique features: the transition from a centrally planned (command) economy to a market economy and the manifestations of a socialist orientation in the modern economic management system (Vuong et al., 2019). While data from this study is mainly illustrative of the first point, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the second characteristic, the manifestation of a social orientation has only slightly been addressed and will need further elaboration in a future study. While Vietnam’s tourism positions itself in a socialist market-oriented economy might set a unique case, the study highlights the politics of tourism is shaped by the politico-economic system. The authors conclude that the adaptation of Vietnam tourism to a socialist market-orientated economy is better perceived as a social evolution achievement rather than a feature of capitalism. Originality/value The latest study on tourism governance (Bui et al., 2022) has outlined the evolution of the tourism administrative system and markets in the country; however, linkages of tourism to the broader political economic system have yet to be addressed. Addressing this gap, the authors carry out analysis of policies and governance from the insider’s viewpoint, when team members have been involved in numerous tourism planning and development projects, both on international and national scales. The practical experience along with thorough review of literature and statistical data contributes to shaping a fresh understanding of tourism in a transitional economy.

Investigation of Issues and Recommendations for a Better Management of Waqf Disputes in Sri Lanka

Waqf is a crucial instrument for providing socio-economic assistance in various sectors, including social finance, health, education, and socio-religious practices. It indicates that there are different levels of effectiveness in fulfilling socioeconomic needs, and this could be primarily associated to the effective and proper management of waqf. Post-amendment to the Waqf Act in Sri Lanka in 1982, there has been a significant increase in disputes and issues related to waqf in Sri Lanka, involving its managers, stakeholders, and various parties. As a result, over 5,000 waqf cases are currently unresolved at the Waqf Board of Sri Lanka, involving numerous accusations of corruption, mismanagement, misappropriation, and underuse of mosques and waqf properties. The challenges can be connected to the inadequate management of Sri Lanka's fundamental waqf administration and legal system. This study employs a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis to understand the issues. It gathers data from various sources, including books, theses, journal articles, and other relevant materials, especially legislation and legal reports. This study primarily focuses on providing brief descriptions of case studies and waqf conflicts in Sri Lanka. The findings include the most common categories of disputes, their primary causes, methods for dispute prevention, the waqf tribunal's resolution and settlement procedures, and the relevant laws. To further advance waqf in Sri Lanka, this study evaluates the operation of waqf tribunals in other jurisdictions. It is recommended that the Board may consider waqf disputes highlighted by amendments to the law and effective administrative procedures of the tribunal to minimize and prevent waqf conflicts, with the assistance of Shari'ah scholars. This study indicates that the recommendations might assist waqf administrators in Sri Lanka in attaining appropriate waqf management. Sri Lanka needs to develop a proficient waqf dispute resolution system. Keywords: Waqf Dispute, Recommendation, Management, Tribunal, Sri Lanka

Analysis of The Influence of Personality and Flexible Work Arrangements on Work-Life Balance Mediated by Organizational Support at The North Medan One-Stop Manuggal Administration System (SAMSAT) Office

The North Medan One-Stop Manuggal Administration System (SAMSAT) or known as the One-Stop Manuggal Administration System is a combination of 4 (four) agencies that have motor vehicle tax objects domiciled in North Sumatra. The problem that occurs is that in 2022 there will still be a high level of work errors made by employees. These errors can occur due to decreased employee productivity, which will then cause stress and disrupt work-life balance. This research is a quantitative study that aims to analyze the influence of personality and flexible work arrangements on work-life balance through organizational support. The population of this study is that the population in this study is all permanent employees at the North Medan Samsat. Meanwhile, the number of samples was 80 respondents. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS), which is a component or variant-based Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the research, data prove that personality influences organizational support with a p-value of 0.000, flexible working hours arrangements influence organizational support with a p-value of 0.002, organizational support influences work-life balance with a p-value of 0.000 , personality influences work-life balance with a p-value of 0.012 and flexible working hours arrangements influence work-life balance with a p-value of 0.000. Then, the results of the  mediation test show that personality influences work-life balance through organizational support with a p-value of 0.000 and flexible work arrangements influence work-life balance through organizational support with a p-value of 0.004.

Flexible Organizational Weapon of the Party: The New Presence of Women’s Federations in Women’s NGOs in China

ABSTRACT In the past decade, the Party-state has shifted from pragmatic strategies to Party integration approaches when dealing with the third sector. It has reintroduced its organizational mechanism—mass organizations—to manage this sector and enhance direct linkages with its social constituents. This article investigates how mass organizations strategically connect with and govern civil society through a series of Party integration approaches. Drawing on the cases of women’s federations (WFs) and women’s non-governmental organizations (NGOs), we propose a new typology of NGOs based on their relations with the Party: WF-affiliated, civic and independent NGOs. We then evaluate WFs’ Party integration strategies directed at each type of NGOs. First, NGOs directly affiliated with WFs/the Party play a unique political role. Second, to increase regime support, WFs develop patronage relations with civic women’s NGOs that are managed via the administrative system but unembedded in the Party system. Third, independent NGOs detached from both the Party and administrative organizations are flexibly marginalized. This article suggests that Party–state–society relations have been rewritten: civil society faces compound control from the administrative and Party systems, and the Party aims to build organizational hegemony.

Sistem Informasi PPDB Dengan Menerapkan Metode Simple Additive Weight (SAW) Dalam Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Sekolah

This research proposes and implements a web-based New Student Admission Information System (PPDB) using the Simple Additive Weight (SAW) method as a decision support system for school selection. The case study was conducted at the Lidah Kulon I/464 Surabaya Elementary School. The background of this research is driven by the significant impact of information technology advancements in the education sector. Lidah Kulon I/464 Surabaya Elementary School, as an educational institution committed to achieving excellence, discipline, faith, science and technology (IPTEK), as well as environmental awareness, strives to reduce paper usage in the new student registration process by transitioning to a more efficient administrative information system. The results of the tests state that the system has succeeded in various aspects, including the use of the Certainty Factor Method, diagnosis menu, information menu, login menu, and others. The conclusion of this research is that the system has been implemented successfully, supporting the efficiency of the PPDB process, and providing easy access to users. System development recommendations for the future include flexibility without hard coding, more comprehensive user management, the development of a more advanced school selection system, more accurate entrance fee calculations, and considerations for seasonal factors and school promotions. Keyword: PPDB Information System, Simple Additive Weight (SAW), Method Student Registration, Efficiency Educational Administration

Mapping the Bounds for Integration of Blockchain Titles in a Torrens System

  As land becomes increasingly expensive in Australia fewer people can afford it, with consequences for wealth distribution and housing. Real estate, in particular the family home, has formed a foundation for Australians’ wealth over many decades, but the possibility of home ownership has been deteriorating in recent years. Alternative proposals for property investment include issuing fractions of land title on blockchain with parallel registration in the land registry. While such proposals are technically feasible, they are silent as to the means of integrating the blockchain ledger with the land administration system. As the land administration system comprises multiple statutory processes, this article uses the Queensland system as a case study, to analyse the relevant statutes in terms of the integration of a fractionalised blockchain titles system. The aim is to identify the law reform necessary to achieve a high level of integration of fractionalised land titles on a blockchain, within an existing land administration system — without detracting from the policy goals of that system.  

El Nacionalismo en la Lucha por la Independencia de las Colonias en África (Angola)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Nationalism on the struggle for Independence in the colonies in Africa, with particular emphasis on the case of Angola. The objective of this work is to assess the changes that took place on the Continent from 1888 to 1910, marked by the conquest and occupation of almost the entire African Continent by Western imperialist powers; followed by the effective implementation and installation of the colonial system as an administrative system in the second half of the century. XIX, division and definition of geographic spaces. In fact, the year 1910 was essentially characterized by the consolidation and exploitation of that system, causing major distortions in the economic, social and cultural structures of the dominated territories. The appeal written at the Manchester Congress (1945) to the colonized peoples, expressly advised that all colonies should be freed from foreign imperialist control, both political and economic, and fight by all means to achieve these objectives. The use of qualitative research based on bibliography related to these themes, the inductive-deductive method allowed the (construction) of ideas of a passive Africa, embodied in the emergence of movements that aimed at the overthrow of the colonial system. In effect, with the end of World War II, the process of decolonization began, resulting in a more reinvigorated, radical and consequential African nationalism. This means a more conscious, enlightened and enlightening continental nationalism, better structured and politically framed and represented internationally and with qualitatively higher levels of political and cultural organization, with the year 1960 being marked as the year of Africa, with the outbreak of the various independence of respective African countries and consequent recovery and affirmation of socio-historical, political and cultural identity, hidden by colonization.

Revolutionizing Hospital Operations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Hospital Management System Implementation

Hospital Management System (HMS) technology will transform hospital operations. This summary summarizes HMS implementation's main components, goals, advantages, and drawbacks. Patient registration, appointment scheduling, EMR, billing, inventory management, and analytics are integrated into the HMS. Its main goal is to improve hospital efficiency, automate operations, and centralize information management. Implementing an HMS improves patient care by providing rapid access to precise information, operational efficiency, financial procedures, and data accuracy. The challenges include comprehensive staff training, strong data security, and smooth healthcare system connection. Healthcare organizations are developing digitally, making the hospital administration system essential for patient outcomes and hospital administration

Trends in the Development of the Public Administration System

The paper considers specifics of narrow and broad approaches to public administration that existed in the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as the modern concept of public administration related to the exercise of public power. The causes and periods of the emergence of these concepts are determined. Since public power unites state bodies and local self-government bodies, it is proposed to understand the term «public administration» integrally — as joint, coordinated managerial actions of state and municipal bodies. It is argued that, despite the differences in these concepts, the directions of development of the public administration system are determined by the same trends. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of development of this system, three similar trends are identified. It is shown that the first trend causes a permanent increase in the number of governing bodies (subjects) included in the public administration system. It is determined that at the same time, information communications in the public administration system are growing. Given this circumstance, it is concluded that the second trend in the development of the system is the complication of the architectonics of information communication channels during the transition from one system of public administration to the next generation system, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of management in new socio-economic conditions. It is argued that public administration is carried out through the simultaneous implementation of different management approaches, in particular, centralization and decentralization of management, the use of cybernetic and synergetic tools. In this regard, the third trend in the development of the system under consideration is the transition to a new ideology of convergence of various management mechanisms.

A Systematic Patent Review (2008-2023) for Treatment in Pregnancy.

During pregnancy, the woman's body undergoes anatomical and physiological changes, making this period susceptible to maternal-fetal diseases and complications. The consequences of not treating pregnant women include premature birth, low birth weight fetuses, and postnatal behavior disorders. Developing new therapies can accelerate the discovery of safe and effective drugs, contributing to designing novel natural and synthetic products to treat complications the pregnancy. This study aimed to carry out a patent review to identify and explore trends in innovation and therapeutic strategies for treating pregnant women. The Espacenet and WIPO databases were used, with the inclusion criteria being the keywords "pregnancy and drug" and code A61k, from 2008 to 2023, and as exclusion were the access to the patent and focus on human pregnant women. After the final screening, 32 patents were selected, with strategies for the treatment of diseases in pregnant women. Of these, 20 patents are on preclinical studies on animals and 12 on pregnant women. It was observed that universities lead the ranking of applications (17/32), and China has the highest number of patents (18/32). Most findings contain herbal medicines and/or the association of natural extracts with synthetic drugs. From this perspective, new drug administration systems were also developed, which can be a promising source for obtaining new medicines for the treatment of pregnant women; however, research is still limited and shows a gap in stimulating the rapid development of safe drugs that improve the health of pregnant women.

Reimagining the Requirements for Civil Servants: Harnessing Creativity for Social Impact and Institutional Renewal in Public Law

This article analyzes some changes in current legislation regarding the stipulation of requirements for state civil servants, particularly in response to extraordinary circumstances. This article seeks to identify emerging trends in revitalizing public law institutions and assesses the importance of creativity in shaping the personal and professional potential of civil servants. The author underscores the critical role of creative abilities within the public administration system, highlighting their impact on the effectiveness of achieving management objectives. However, creativity in public law should not be perceived as unlimited freedom of action; rather, it must be exercised within the confines of established rules and procedures. Thus, a delicate balance between creativity and legal compliance is required.

Combatting Climate Change within the EU Green Deal in Contemporary Forestry Administrative Systems: A Case Study of the Umbria Region

The integration of digital technologies into forest management is crucial for the European Union’s Green Deal, the Forestry Strategy 2030, and Italy’s national forestry strategy, aiming to enhance governance and efficiency. However, sustainable forest management’s administrative aspects are often overlooked, despite the potential for digital tools to significantly improve environmental performance. Through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for a case study in the Umbria region, the research quantifies CO2 emissions associated with over-threshold forestry administrative procedures under both current and future digitalisation scenarios. Data were collected from legislative documents, interviews with forestry professionals, and emissions calculated according to ISO standards. The findings reveal a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions through digitalisation, from 75.07 kgCO2 to 38.14 kgCO2, with the implementation of the LIFE FOLIAGE project’s digital platform. This underscores digitalisation’s role in climate change mitigation, highlighting the significant, albeit modest per procedure, of the cumulative national impact. The main findings support further digitalisation in forest management as a method of increasing resource efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thus contributing to the Green Deal’s and Italy’s forest sustainability goals.

Environmentally responsive systems for topical administration of copaiba oil-resin: The effect of carbomer 974P on the mechanical, rheological, drug release and skin permeation

Topical wound therapy using copaiba oil-resin (CO) can be improved by combining it with a thermoresponsive bioadhesive release system. Emulgel systems composed of the bioadhesive carbomer 974P (C974P) and the thermoresponsive poloxamer 407 (P407) can prolong the CO contact time with the skin and facilitate the drug permeation through the skin layers. The aim of this work was to develop and investigate the C974P's effect on rheological, mechanical, bioadhesive, in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation properties of this system. The system development was based on a 23 (plus two central points) factorial design and the influence of different amounts of C974P on formulations was investigated. C974P enabled the formation of viscous and stable emulgels, and could structure with P407 and CO, resulting on physicochemical stable formulations. Formulation composed of 0.5 % (w/w) C974P, 20 % (w/w) P407 and 8 % (w/w) CO (F8) displayed improved properties. F8 exhibited extended release, enhanced bioadhesive strength, improved hardness, compressibility, elasticity, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, pseudoplasticity with yield value, thixotropy, and high viscoelasticity. It also displayed skin permeation and retention. The P407's high capacity to form micelles with CO enabled their integration into the polymeric matrix formed by C974P, resulting in viscous and stable gel.